DOI: https://doi.org/10.32645/issn.1390-6852 Visión Empresarial es una Revista de la Facultad de Comercio Internacional, Integración, Administración y Economía Empresarial. Es una publicación de carácter científico-tecnológico especializada en la Gestión Organizacional y sus líneas transdisciplinares en Economía, Administración de Empresas, Administración Pública, Comercio Exterior, Logística y Transporte y afines, cuyo objetivo es la difusión del conocimiento mediante la publicación de ensayos, estudios de caso, artículos de investigación, resultados de transferencia tecnológica elaborados por investigadores de universidades o centros de investigación a nivel nacional o internacional. Todo lo descrito en cada artículo es responsabilidad única y exclusividad de su autor.
Universidad Politécnica Estatal del Carchi
El autor mantiene los derechos morales e intelectuales de su obra, autorizando a la editorial de la revista Visión Empresarial la difusión y divulgación de su contenido con fines estrictamente académicos y de investigación, sin fines de lucro.
Public Environmental Management and its Impact on the Management and Conservation of Protected Areas in the Canton of Tulcan.
The research work is focused on analyzing public environmental management and its impact on the conservation of protected areas in the canton of Tulcan. The conservation status of these spaces and how management influences their management was evaluated. The research was based on a qualitative approach through documentary analysis and interviews with experts, which allowed us to identify the deficient public management due to the lack of economic resources. Despite this, external funding has been sought, which has led to advances in conservation, such as the presence of park rangers and more effective planning. Coordination between the competent authorities has also been strengthened and awareness-raising projects on the importance of conservation have been promoted. However, civil society has pointed out that agreements have not been implemented or are unknown, and considers it essential to establish working groups with the authorities. Finally, the research concludes that, although some progress has been made, the work of public institutions is still insufficient and irregularities persist in the enforcement of environmental regulations, which affects the effectiveness of protected area management and conservation.
Copyright (c) 2025 María de los Ángeles Alquinga Gordon, Karla Milena Guijarro Ronquill http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Bibliometric analysis of scientific production on green supply chain and sustainable practices.
This research analyzes the evolution of scientific production in green supply chains and sustainable practices through a bibliometric approach. Between 2012 and 2023, a steady growth in publications was observed, reaching more than 350 articles in 2023. This increase reflects a growing interest in integrating sustainability into supply chains, driven by academic advances and funding. However, a decrease in average citations from 2019 suggests a diversification in impact due to the high volume of recent publications that have not yet accumulated sufficient citations. The analysis highlights leading authors such as Wang Y, Manna S.K. and Sengal J. for their productivity, and Mangla SK and Sarkis J. as the most influential according to their H-index. By country, China and India lead in scientific output, albeit with predominantly national focuses. In contrast, countries such as the UK and Australia stand out for their international collaborations. The main themes revolve around sustainability, environmental management and green economy, with emerging concepts such as circular economy and emissions reduction. Collaborative networks and thematic clusters reveal a multidisciplinary approach that integrates sustainability, strategic decisions and economics. The findings suggest that current research is shaping innovative approaches to address environmental, social and economic challenges. This analysis underscores the importance of global synergies and the intersection between green economy and public policy for the development of more responsible and efficient supply chains.
Copyright (c) 2025 Edison Edmundo Vinueza Salazar http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Public Policies for the Promotion of Entrepreneurship and the Popular and Solidarity Economy: The Ecuadorian Case.
In the ecuadorian context, public policies for the development of entrepreneurship in the Popular and Solidarity Economy represent a crucial challenge. In this scenario, the Popular and Solidarity Economy plays a fundamental role by redistributing the surplus in favor of producers and by consolidating small businesses to achieve economies of scale and promote association and cooperation. To analyze this situation, a methodology with a cross-sectional qualitative and quantitative approach was used. The methodological design included a historical-conceptual analysis, complemented by a bibliometric and systematic analysis. This approach allowed us to collect information on public policies, their evolution and their impact on entrepreneurship within the Popular and Solidarity Economy. Among the main results, strengths stand out such as the favorable legal and institutional framework and the support programs of the Ecuadorian government towards entrepreneurs. However, weaknesses are also identified, such as the lack of articulation between the different institutions, the scarce entrepreneurial culture and the lack of specialized financing. In conclusion, although public policies offer an alternative for the most disadvantaged sectors through inclusive support in constitutions and legislation, it is anticipated that many ventures will not survive in the long term.
Copyright (c) 2025 Edgar Joel Olmedo Gordillo http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Perceived quality of potable water service and user satisfaction in water boardsAn analysis from governance and quality management
The study focuses on analyzing the perceived quality of drinking water service and its relationship with user satisfaction in the Julio Andrade parish, La Cofradía sector, located in the province of Carchi, Ecuador. From the perspective of quality management aimed at improving governance, the study adopts a quantitative approach and was conducted through surveys applied to users of the Water Administrative Board. It is descriptive and cross-sectional in nature. The results indicate a direct correlation of 0.804 between water quality and service satisfaction. Additionally, the social responsibility dimension is related to water quality with a coefficient of 0.946, and the communication dimension correlates with water quality at 0.916. It is concluded that the perceived quality of drinking water service is associated with the satisfaction of users of the La Cofradía Drinking Water Board. This research provides empirical evidence from the context of local water boards, which remain underexplored at the international level.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mónica Maribel Cunguán Suárez, Oscar Armando Vargas Naranjo http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Demand prediction model for supply chain optimization
This study proposes a demand prediction model based on artificial intelligence to optimize the supply chain of the pharmaceutical distributor Grupo Montalvo. The main objective is to improve the accuracy of medication demand forecasting using both statistical and machine learning models, including Simple Exponential Smoothing (SES), ARIMA, SARIMA, Holt-Winters, Random Forest, neural networks (NN), and LSTM. The models were evaluated using performance metrics such as Mean Squared Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). Results showed that the neural network model (NN) performed the best, achieving an MSE of 8.10e-06, an RMSE of 0.0028, and an MAE of 0.0016. In comparison, the Random Forest model had an MSE of 2.04e+09 and an RMSE of 45232.60, indicating significantly lower performance. The LSTM model, on the other hand, displayed an extremely high MSE of 1.07e+21, suggesting the need for further adjustments. These findings highlight the superiority of neural networks in providing accurate demand predictions, contributing to more efficient supply chain decision-making and optimization.
Copyright (c) 2025 Eduardo Daniel Revelo Chacón, Iván Gabriel Mafla Bolaños http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Denomination of origin and geographical indications in Ecuador as an instrument of differentiation and marketing strategy
Developing the analysis of origin denominations and geographical locations; as value-generating mechanisms for agricultural and handicraft products and their impact on trade strategies, is cover in this research study. In general, there are six identifiers in Ecuador and the level of implementation in which they are; as well as, the government's actions on improving the production and marketing; nationally and internationally, is focused by analyzing the technical assistance, financing and training to small producers; through public institutions such as MAG, Agrocalidad, Pro Ecuador, Ban Ecuador; among others, are part of this study. In analyzing the behavior of the international market, the United States was identified as Ecuador's main trading partner for non-oil products, with great potential for ecological, organic and sustainably sourced products. In this aspect, the objective of this research has been to analyze the impact of origin denominations (DO) and geographical indications (GI) in Ecuador, as a strategic tool to differentiate products in the market. The research is qualitative in nature. To obtain the data, the opinions of professionals in the area of study and the experience of people who have authorization to use the origin denomination were considered. In conclusion, the article emphasizes the importance of promoting cultural, historical and territorial value and at the same time, fostering competitiveness in local and international markets.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yolanda Liliana Bejarano Muñoz, Irma Daniela Batallas González http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Copyright (c) 2025 Félix Wilmer Paguay Chávez http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Rol de la universidad en la formación del profesional contable y su impacto en las pequeñas y medianas empresas
El presente artículo analiza la influencia de la formación universitaria del profesional contable en las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (PYMES). Se plantea que una educación contable de calidad, junto con el desarrollo de habilidades y competencias prácticas, son cruciales para el éxito en la gestión de las operaciones y las finanzas de este tipo de organizaciones. El objetivo es identificar el rol de la universidad en la formación contable para el desarrollo en las PYMES. Por ello, a través de un análisis documental cualitativo, se destaca la importancia de la formación universitaria en los contadores, la cual debe ir más allá de la revisión teórica, para que permita la actuación bajo pensamiento crítico en el desarrollo de experiencias reales de trabajo. Se evidencia en la investigación que, los planes de formación en contabilidad actuales no siempre están alineados con las necesidades específicas de este sector empresarial. En conclusión, una vez revisada la información se puede mencionar que los programas de estudio en el sector contable deben fortalecerse para que este sector empresarial sea más competitivo.
Copyright (c) 2025 Esteban Wladimir Andrade Palacios, Julio Cesar Andrade Palacios, Jairo Paúl Rosero Pullas , María José Lara Pozo http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of the development electronic government in ecuador during the period 2018 – 2022
The research examines the development of Electronic Government (EG) in Ecuador between 2018 and 2022, aiming to assess progress in the digitalization of public administration in the country and identify remaining challenges. A multidimensional model is applied, which measures Electronic Government as outlined by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (CEPAL), examining fundamental aspects such as access to public information, citizen participation, online services, regulatory framework, and technological infrastructure. To collect representative data for this study, various questionnaires were administered as part of the methodology, targeting both public institutions and citizens. Additionally, the study highlights progress in areas such as simplifying administrative procedures, enhancing electronic channels to foster greater citizen engagement, and investments in technological infrastructure, which have facilitated access to online services and reduced the digital divide. Despite these advancements, challenges remain in implementing policies that ensure information security and user privacy, while also recognizing the need for a secure regulatory framework. In conclusion, Ecuador has made significant strides toward inclusive and efficient digital government in the long term, yet the research underscores the importance of consolidating policies and regulations by the State to sustain these advances.
Copyright (c) 2024 Juan Carlos Páez Egüez, Franklin Leonardo Cumbal Simba http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Copyright (c) 2025 Félix Paguay http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Factorial design to measure the effect of feeding biopreparations in pigs in the lifting stage
The experimental design using the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a factorial arrangement is widely used to measure production factors in pig farms. The main objective was to measure the primary effects of essential oils and their concentration on response variables: weight, weight gain, food consumption, and feed conversion in piglets. The methodology employs a quantitative, experimental, and correlational approach. The sample consisted of 32 experimental units, distributed across four treatments with eight repetitions each. The results highlight a significant increase in weekly weight starting from week 5 with 2% oregano oil, although there were no statistical differences in weight gain. It concludes that essential oils, especially oregano at 2%, significantly influence food consumption and conversion, demonstrating the utility of factorial design in pig research.
Copyright (c) 2025 Edison Stalin Vélez Arteaga, Víctor Ernesto Márquez Pérez, Carlos Octavio Larrea-Izurieta http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The agricultural market of coffee in carchi
The agricultural market of coffee in Carchi represents an economically significant activity that impacts multiple aspects of the region. Consequently, the objective was set to "Analyze the agricultural market of coffee in Carchi." The descriptive methodology applied in this study allowed for an understanding of the supply and demand of coffee, as well as the identification of consumer preferences and existing business opportunities by conducting surveys in establishments located in the provinces of interest (Pichincha, Imbabura, and Carchi) and interviews with coffee producers involved in the "Entre Montañas" project. The obtained results indicate a growing demand for the product in the establishments, with several factors to consider such as existing suppliers, available machines for beverage preparation, limited knowledge of barista techniques, conducted organoleptic tests, and even the accompaniments and reasons for purchase. Notably, price affordability and the coffee's origin stand out as significant considerations for consumers. This presents a promising scenario for local producers. With a strategic approach and leveraging the region's strengths, opportunities for sustainable development in the coffee sector of Carchi can be generated.
Copyright (c) 2025 Freddy Richard Quinde Sari http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Design of an internal control system based on the Coso III theoretical approach for the Patitex clothing company of Ibarra – Ecuador
In this research, an internal control system based on the COSO III model was designed for the Company Patitex, Ibarra-Imbabura. The study had a mixed approach (quantitative and qualitative) and descriptive scope, non-experimental design. The internal control questionnaire and interview instruments were used. The results showed that there is poor internal control in the company, due to the lack of some instruments such as: a formal function manual and procedures manual, as well as the lack of a person responsible for evaluating, identifying and mitigating the risk. operational, lack of control in activities, among other control weaknesses. Therefore, an adequate internal control system is proposed that allows you to prevent risks and improve your processes.
Copyright (c) 2025 María Dolores Santillán Narváez, Naldy Alexandra Rojas Marcillo http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The unchanging path: path dependency in 20th century educational policy in Ecuador
The way in which political institutions are standardized within a State, and their influence on historical development, is the result of events that can generate paradigmatic changes. Based on this assertion, the research pursued the objective of analyzing the path dependence in national educational policy since the Liberal Revolution in Ecuador in 1895, focusing on secularism as an institution. The theory of public policy changes was used together with the theory of path dependence, which offers analytical inputs to reflect on the standardization and resistance of secularism over time. Together with the use of a qualitative approach and the systematic process tracing as a tool to reconstruct historical information, it is concluded that secularism is resistant but not impenetrable, which supposes traumas in sectoral policy to defend it, evidencing contrary expressions to dismiss it.
Copyright (c) 2025 Iván Ruiz http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Digitalization and sustainable development of MSMEs in the province of Imbabura in the province of Imbabura
This research evaluates and analyzes two key factors in the competitiveness of MSMEs in Imbabura: digitalization and sustainable development. Using a quantitative methodology with stratified sampling, a survey was conducted with 301 managers regarding the adoption of digital technologies, obstacles to environmental sustainability, and business performance metrics. The results, processed using the SPSS statistical package, revealed that advances in SME digitalization are mostly limited to the use of social networks and corporate websites, while only a few have integrated more advanced technologies such as location systems and business planning. Regarding sustainable development practices, high costs and lack of financing emerged as the main barriers to implementation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Horacio Leonel Pabón Arévalo, Esthela Alfonsina Andrade Ortega, Diana Marcela Guerrero Chiliquinga, Fernanda Gabriela Martínez Ñacato http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) as a model for organizational diagnosis and management in SMEs: A case study
Traditional business management models or the dilemma of small enterprises operating based on experience without strategic planning could be the cause of their slow growth. Therefore, this article aims to evaluate organizational management from the perspective of the Balanced Scorecard model applied to a case study to improve strategic planning and decision-making. At the same time, it seeks to demonstrate that companies that select and adapt their management tools to their needs will enhance their competitive level, ensuring business success. The applied methodological approach was mixed, descriptive, and applied. The results showed that Supermercado Bastidas lacked a structured strategic plan, leading to uncertainty in management and decision-making based on incomplete information. It is concluded that adopting strategic models such as the BSC in SMEs improves decision quality, guides the company toward achieving its objectives, enables differentiation through added value, and fosters business success. Finally, this approach reinforces the importance of innovation and adaptation as key pillars for growth in the face of technological advancements.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nubia Villota http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Social norms and the drive to sustainable entrepreneurship in border area
This study examined the relationship between social norms and entrepreneurial intent from the perspective of sustainable entrepreneurship in the Ecuador-Colombia border region. A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional research design was employed, involving a random survey of 818 entrepreneurs in the provinces of Carchi (Ecuador) and Nariño (Colombia). The results reveal complex patterns in the dynamics of cross-border sustainable entrepreneurship. While the perception of social norms shows similarity between both countries, there are significant differences in entrepreneurial intent. Specifically, a weak but significant positive correlation between social norms and entrepreneurial intent was found in Ecuador, whereas no significant correlation was evidenced in Colombia. These findings suggest a normative decoupling in the context of the transition towards business sustainability, where traditional norms and emerging sustainability norms coexist in tension. The homogeneity in normative perception represents an opportunity to develop cross-border sustainable entrepreneurship initiatives, while the differences in entrepreneurial intent suggest the need for differentiated interventions that consider the specificities of each national ecosystem. This study contributes to the understanding of how social norms and entrepreneurial intent interact in the context of sustainable entrepreneurship in border regions of developing countries.
Copyright (c) 2025 Luis Homero Viveros Almeida, Ramiro Fernando Urresta Yépez, Claudia Magali Solarte Solarte http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Copyright (c) 2024 Félix Wilmer Paguay Chávez http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Public policies of the Metropolitan District of Quito and their impact on the political inclusion of Afro-Ecuadorians, People's Committee parish
The present research work analyzes the political inclusion of the Afro-Ecuadorian population in the Metropolitan District of Quito (DMQ), with special emphasis on the People's Committee parish. Despite their significant presence, their representation remains low, evidencing a deep gap in their access to political power. Through a qualitative approach and considering the exploratory, interpretive, documentary, bibliographic and phenomenological nature of the research, the public policies implemented by the DMQ to promote Afro-Ecuadorian participation are examined and their impact on the parish is evaluated. The research identifies the obstacles that limit the effectiveness of these policies and the political impact capacity of Afro-Ecuadorian movements. From the implementation of the interview as a research instrument, the findings reveal that, although there are public policies that recognize the need for inclusion, these have not achieved a significant impact on the political representation of Afro-Ecuadorians in the People's Committee parish. Various factors contribute to this situation, including a lack of resources, structural discrimination, and the disconnection between policies and the real needs of the Afro-Ecuadorian community. The research ends by mentioning the conclusions and recommendations to strengthen the political inclusion of the AfroEcuadorian population in the DMQ. These are aimed at different actors, such as the local government, Afro-Ecuadorian organizations, and academia.
Copyright (c) 2024 Cindy Ariana Santacruz Colorado, Melany Alejandra Santacruz Espinoza http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Software solution applied to micro-markets with data analytics.
This research aims to propose a software solution with data analytics through intelligent dashboards applied to micro-markets. The research approach is mixed: descriptive and field-based. Interviews were applied to owners of micro-markets in the Tulcán city to analyze their current business management systems and the use or not of emerging technologies such as Big Data, Business Intelligence, Cloud Computing, IoT, among others. Surveys were also applied to customers who use these services to determine user satisfaction. The results showed that 50% of micro-market owners lack systems to support them in making strategic and business decisions. Similarly, it was identified that the service provided to users is not focused on new strategies and business lines. In order to analyze and transform data into information and, in turn, into knowledge, a data analytics solution is proposed, considering concepts of a unified repository or Data Warehouse and the Ralph Kimball methodology for the storage, analysis, and processing of data obtained from various sources of information. In addition, the ETL process was designed and control panels were developed, using the open-source tool Tableau, for the creation of dashboards. Finally, business intelligence strategies were applied in order to deliver accurate, real-time, easy-to-interpret information that contributes to meeting the business requirements within the micro-market sector.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jhony Vicente Enriquez Herrera, Denis Oscar Peregueza Yapud http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Market study regarding the demand for ethanol derived from potatoes as a raw material for the production of goods in pharmaceutical, disinfection, liquor and cosmetic activities in the city of Tulcán
The present article aims to develop a market study regarding the demand for ethanol derived from potatoes as a raw material for the production of goods in the pharmaceutical, disinfection, liquor, and cosmetic activities in the city of Tulcán in 2022. A mixed research approach was used, with a non-experimental, cross-sectional research level, field research type, and descriptive, explanatory research level. Regarding the results, it can be indicated that the supply of ethanol comes directly from other provinces of the country to the establishments that require the raw material. Finally, it can be concluded that the production of ethyl alcohol based on potato derivatives is a feasible alternative to promote innovation, high-quality raw materials produced in the area, which will boost the first and second-level market in the business value chain.
Copyright (c) 2024 Mike Joffre Coral Erazo, Sonia Marilú Malquín Vera, Jonathan Javier Lugmaña Martínez http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Managerial quality-productivity relationship. Theoretical foundations for analysis
This work focuses on a problem insufficiently addressed within the framework of management research. In it, the main theoretical foundations that govern the relationship between managerial quality and productivity were synthesized. The study of these foundations focused on the critical analysis of the scientific literature consulted and the declaration of the main theoretical positions assumed, giving a perspective, insufficiently visualized, from the perspective of the managerial action and its impact on the results, identifying the need of the relationship between these variables. Its objective is to analyze the conceptual theoretical basis that supports the relationship between managerial quality and productivity. For its construction, theoretical research methods were used such as the analytical - synthetic, in the construction of the theoretical referential framework, as well as the inductive - deductive, which made it possible to determine the specificities of each concept analyzed. Among its main conclusions, it stands out that managerial quality has become a strategic competitive advantage, which makes a difference and guarantees or hinders business success.
Copyright (c) 2024 Darian Samá Muño, Mercedes Leonarda Zenea Montejo http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analyzing the gaps for Blockchain integration in the Colombian financial system.
This research explores the challenges of integrating blockchain technology into Colombia's financial system, highlighting the regulatory, technological, and educational obstacles that hinder its effective adoption. Through a detailed analysis of in-depth interviews with a panel of experts, critical gaps were identified and strategies to overcome them were proposed. Key barriers include the lack of a clear regulatory framework, challenges in interoperability with existing financial systems, and a significant need for blockchain education. The aim is to provide solutions that enhance blockchain integration, fostering an adequate regulatory framework, the development of robust technological infrastructure, and the implementation of educational programs. These actions could enable Colombia to capitalize on the opportunities offered by blockchain for innovation and competitiveness in the global financial arena.
Copyright (c) 2024 Zuloaga García Amir Andres , Haiber Gustavo Agudelo Casanova http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Copyright (c) 2023 Beatriz Realpe http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Lupine grain and lupine flour a proposal for the entryof chocho (lupinus mutabilis) produced in Carchi,Ecuador to international markets: a multidimensionalanalysis
Chocho (Lupinus mutabilis) is a legume cultivated in the Andean region and with extensive nutritional properties. In Ecuador, the producers of the province of Carchi, are visualizing their international commercialization, in this context the present investigation had the purpose of determining the business opportunities for the commercialization of lupine produced in this province towards international markets. For this, a methodological procedure characterized by a qualitative-quantitative study, descriptive and non-experimental in scope, was used. Through the process of applying interviews to representatives of the Association of Quinoa Producers of Carchi, it was possible to determine that this association has the potential to structure a company and be the main supplier of raw material for the production of lupinebased products. that can be sold in foreign markets. Through the evaluation of the coefficient of external openness, social indicators of the countries where the commercialization of the lupine produced in Carchi is projected, the commercial balance, the consumption profile and other aspects, it was possible to contrast the opportunities offered by a group of countries. Through the POAM, it was possible to select the United States as the ideal market, more specifically the State of Florida. As a marketing strategy in the US market, it was determined that the modality of commercial agent or sale through intermediaries was the most suitable, since this figure is characterized by having experience in the market, as well as with regulations and commercial practices, facilitating the entry to the chocho.
Copyright (c) 2023 Esthefany Naomi Escobar Arcos http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Emotional connection of Cotacachi Cayapas National Park
The Cotacachi Cayapas National Park (PNNC) in Ecuador is a prioritized destination for national and foreign tourists where the value proposition has managed functional and non-emotional variables. The present study analyzes the emotional connection and its attributes to understand the impact it has on tourists. The statistical tool structural equations was included for data processing with primary information, finding a high relationship with the other variables analyzed such as service quality, image and loyalty. The recommendation, satisfaction, recommendation and loyalty indices were calculated, finding acceptable performance in the park; however, trust, integrity, pride and passion still need to be managed as elements that generate high emotional connection. A baseline was determined with a proposed systematic evaluation process of the emotional connection of the PNCC with a sustainable tourism development approach and the main elements of the emotional connection were characterized, determining the influence of emotional factors on the functional ones in the PNCC.
Copyright (c) 2023 Gustavo Javier Terán Rosero http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Methods and techniques for the selectionof international markets: case study in the commercialization of blackberry (Rubus Glucus Benth)
The main objective of this study is to seek international market opportunities for the Ecuadorian blackberry cultivated by associations dedicated to the production of this fruit, for this study has been taken as a reference to the Association of agricultural producers Eden, so take advantage of the commercial benefits currently available in international markets, which contribute to the fruit growing sector in business and commercial aspects, to carry out this study descriptive, explanatory and correlational research methods are used because they are the most appropriate for this analysis, to determine the supply, international demand, the best destination country. In addition, consumers abroad are very open to buying goods from different countries, because their interests and tastes are very varied. However, changes in the consumption landscape have modified consumer behavior, resulting in changes in the consumption style of healthier foods and the search for quality ingredients (Tasty Food and Wine, 2022). Therefore, this document proposes some tools taken into account for the commercialization of the product, deducing that with the help of these tools all the processes in the sale of products are significantly improved, since these instruments help in the sample of concrete and adequate information, for decision making in the search for a market opportunity abroad. In addition, with these tools a correct internationalization of this fruit will be achieved, because these techniques take into account aspects such as price, presentation, quality for the acceptance of the product by foreign customers, additionally, it is necessary to use the general organization both in production and marketing, which allows performance through training in the management of cultivation, production and sale of blackberry castilla.
Copyright (c) 2023 Cintia Mishell Rodríguez Escobar http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Incidence of social accounting information in the Sector of the financial cooperatives, segment 1 of Equador in the period 2020-2021
This article studies social accounting in the cooperative sector or so-called COAC savings and Credit Cooperatives of segment 1, which are controlled by the Superintendence of Popular and Solidarity Economy SEPS, the analysis period covers the years 2020-2021. Objective: To Determine if the social financial and environmental reports of the savings and credit cooperatives in the financial sector of segment 1 have a significant influence on the issuance of the social balance. Methodology: The research is of a mixed approach, with numerical expression of the data and its qualitative approach. Documentary analysis and its content will be technique collect the data, it is of a non-experimental design and longitudinal cut. Results: There is no relationship between the information issued by the COACs with the balance proposed by the CILEA Europe-America Latino Integration Committee, because the variable to be determined cover broader field in relation to the quantitative and qualitative information issued by the savings and credit cooperatives under study. Conclusion: The results obtained contribute so that the COACs incorporate active methodologies that make it possible to issue reports of a social and environment nature according to the model applied in this investigation.
Copyright (c) 2023 Andrés Esteban Aguilar Viteri, Fernanda Gabriela Martínez Ñacato http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Strengthening decision-making in the GADM of Tulcán, a vision from local governance
The present research was carried out in the city of Tulcán with the objective of analyzing local governance and how this form of government from the GADM of Tulcán, influences the strengthening of the decision making of the GAD, analyzing the period, 2020 to 2021 within of the administration from May 15, 2019 to May 13, 2023. A methodology oriented to a qualitative approach was implemented, which allowed us to understand the characteristics, dynamics and interrelationships of the main actors who are immersed in the decisionmaking process. of the local government of Tulcán, linking to the quantitative methodology that generated the local governance relationship as an independent variable and decision making, being the dependent variable. For the study phenomenon, field research is applied allowing interaction with managers and officials, who are involved in the decision-making of the GADMT, presenting a descriptive analysis through the application of structured interviews, surveys and observation guides where The real characteristics and dimensions were identified, interpreting and detailing a study to better understand the behavior in decision-making within the municipality of Tulcán. In conclusion, the GADMT does not apply governance models, however, the actions within the administration traditional public, present an intermediate percentage referring to the strengthening of decision making, however the management carried out has enhanced the work environment, improving the intersectoral relationship based on dialogue, training and communication even despite the limitations regarding innovation within of the public administration that allows the application of governance models. It is advisable to implement a Local Governance model for the GADM of Tulcán, which allows for empowered management leading to decision-making focused on the participation and integration of the different actors, which allows the strengthening of administrative processes, thus counting with the implementation of plans, programs and projects for the community, focused efforts to meet the objectives.
Copyright (c) 2023 Diego Guillermo Almeida Burbano, Wladimir Pérez Parra http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Copyright (c) 2022 Beatriz Realpe http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0